• POPULATION EXPLOSION
– Death rate has fallen rapidly and not the birth rate to that extent which results in rise in population known as population explosion.
– 1931 to 2011 continuous rise in population.
– population = 36.1 crores in 1931 and 121.02 crores in 2011.
– 2.5% annual growth rate.
– 1970 is population explosion year.
– First population census in 1871 with initiative of Jamshedji Tata.
– First systematic census conducted in 1891.
– First census of independent India in 1951.
• SIZE AND GROWTH RATE OF INDIA’S
POPULATION.
– Slow growth during 1901-1921 i.e 0.57%
– 1911-1921 decrease in population -0.03 due to diseases like maleria, plague etc
– 1921 is year of great divide.
– Population increases by 170 lakhs (Australia) every year.
• GENDER RATIO
– no. Of females per 1000 males.
– Kerala 1084 & Haryana 879.
– Reasons of low women : Due to not giving attention to nutrition, health, education and overall upbringing of daughters.
– Dowry system, early marriage, frequent child birth leads high death of women.
• RURAL AND URBAN POPULATION
– Urban Rural population influenced by employment, education, health, social life, quality of life, economic growth, electricity, schools, colleges, medical treatment, etc
– Urban population= 2.6 crore in 1901 rose to 38 crore in 2011.
– rural population=21.2 crore to 83.02 crore.
• BIRTH RATE
– no. of children born every 1000 children.
– Birth rate in 1951 is 39.9 & in 2011 is 21.8
• CAUSES OF HIGH BIRTH RATE
– social factor
– universality of marriage
– Early marriage & widow remarriage
– Preference for male child
– Joint family system
– Economic factor
– Low level of Education.
– Low income.
– High Infant mortality rate.
– other factor
– High fertility rate
– Lack of family education.
• DEATH RATE
– Deaths per 1000 persons.
– Death rate = 27.4 in 1951 & 7.1 in 2011.
• CAUSES OF HIGH DEATH RATE
– Improvement in standard of living
– control over Epidemics
– control on drought
– Protection against Natural calamities C transportation facilities.
• MEASURES TO CONTROL POPULATION
– Mass Education & awareness
– Electiveness of family planning Programme
– Increasing age of Marriage & Raising status of women
– Incentives and Dencentives
– Expansion in Medical services and its growing Effectiveness.
• INDIA IS THE FIRST COUNTRY TO INTRODUCE POPULATION POLICY 2000 UNDER THE CHAIRMANSHIP OF DR. M S Swaminathan.
